A little about the differences between men and women
Men generally exceed women in physical strength - that's evolutionary biology for you. But it turns out that women's physical capabilities in the lower body are close to men's, while in the upper body, according to one study, they amount to 52% of men's. And in ultra-long distance runs (48+ km), women can surpass men.
Regarding intelligence, according to Wikipedia, IQ tests show no differences between men and women. There is also now a consensus that general intelligence is the same in women and men. Some may handle certain tasks better than others. For example, women typically handle tasks related to verbal abilities better, while men handle tasks related to spatial abilities better.
Regarding leadership qualities. One study showed no significant difference between genders in terms of leadership effectiveness across any metric. The same source indicates that in stressful situations:
- Female leaders significantly more often use a democratic leadership style.
- Male leaders significantly more often use more authoritarian leadership styles.
At the same time, risk tolerance and expected negative consequences are identified as the main reasons why women significantly less often become leaders.
Here it is noted that people who have had positive experiences working with female leaders believe that women possess better leadership qualities than those who have not had such experience.